With recent
achievements in computer science, finite element technology and graphical
environments, the foundations are set for the development of highly interactive
domain specific computer environments, dedicated to professional geotechnicians.
Illustrations of computations with
the Z_SOIL program system are shown below. Noteworthy features of the environment
are initial state simulation including hydraulic and thermal conditions,
fully coupled transient analysis in two-phase partially saturated media,
with excavation and construction stages, continuous safety assessment using
a (c-φ) reduction algorithm and extensions thereof. Material models include
classical Mohr-Coulomb, Von Misès, Drucker-Prager, Rankine, Hoek-Brown,
Cap and Duncan-Chang models, and also multilamina for the simulation of layered
rock. Soil-structure interaction is properly accounted for by means of a
frictional contact formulation. Elasto-plastic truss and cable elements, and
nonlinear layered beam and shell elements which can account for reinforced
concrete modeling are available. Recent features include moisture migration
analysis and allow identification of early–age cracking in concrete.
Several constructions analyzed with Z_Soil.PC are shown below and its potential is demonstrated through the case studies of a natural cave, of a tunnel system and of a large excavation, in section 5.
Figure 6 . Railway bridge in
Vinslöv, Sweden. Investigation of actions for reconstruction (Analysis
by PEAB Grundteknik, Sweden, U.Ekdahl)
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Calculated total settlements after erosion has occurred. The bridge is
loaded with macadam and train traffic( Analysis by PEAB Grundteknik, Sweden,
U.Ekdahl)
Figure 8. Large slope
stability analysis in the Swiss prealps: displacement intensity map. (Analysis by ComSA ingénieurs
conseils SA, Switzerland. http://www.com-sa.ch)
Figure 10. Tehri hydropower installation,
India. Stress intensities map. (Analysis by USEC- MSUCE, Moscow, S Yufin)
Figure 11. The Shahid Rajaee dam,
Iran (Analysis by Stucky Consulting Eng. Ltd, Switzerland, J.-L. Sarf).
Figure 12. The Shahid Rajaee dam, Iran: simulation of construction stages (Analysis by Stucky Consulting Eng. Ltd, Switzerland, J.-L. Sarf)